LAWRENCE CO. – Lawrence County Emergency Management warns as temperatures plunge this winter, extreme cold poses significant risks to our health and well-being.
When temperatures fall far below normal, the effects on our bodies can become dangerous. With wind chill factors dropping to potentially hazardous levels, it’s important to stay vigilant and protect ourselves and others during these harsh conditions.
Wind Chill: A Dangerous Factor
Wind chill plays a critical role in how cold temperatures feel. Wind can make it feel much colder than the actual temperature, as it strips the skin of heat much more rapidly. Wind chill values below -27°F (-32°C) increase the risk of frostbite and windburn, while extreme wind chills, as low as -70°F, have been recorded in northern Canadian communities. Understanding that wind and cold can cause frostbite on exposed skin in minutes is essential.
Who Is at Risk?
While anyone exposed to extreme cold without proper clothing is at risk, certain groups are particularly vulnerable:
- Homeless individuals
- Outdoor workers
- People in poorly insulated homes with no heat or power
- Individuals with certain medical conditions, like diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, and blood vessel diseases
- People taking specific medications, such as beta-blockers
- Winter sport enthusiasts
- Infants and seniors (especially those under 1 year or over 65)
Health Risks of Extreme Cold
Extreme cold can cause several health issues, particularly when the body’s temperature drops significantly. A typical body temperature is approximately 37°C (99°F), and a drop of just 1 to 2°C (1.8 to 3.6°F) increases the risk of harmful effects.
Windburn
Windburn occurs when cold wind removes the natural oils from your skin, leading to excessive dryness, redness, soreness, and itching. Though similar to sunburn, windburn results from exposure to cold, dry air and wind and can irritate exposed skin.
Frostbite
Frostbite occurs when prolonged exposure to cold restricts blood flow to extremities, causing tissue damage. The most common areas affected are the hands, feet, nose, and ears. Mild frostbite (frostnip) causes skin to appear pale or white but remains soft. Severe frostbite can lead to permanent tissue damage, nerve injury, and, in extreme cases, limb loss.
Hypothermia
Hypothermia occurs when the body’s core temperature drops below 35°C (95°F), causing physical and mental dysfunction. There are three stages of hypothermia:
- Stage 1: Mild hypothermia, marked by shivering, numbness, and confusion.
- Stage 2: Moderate hypothermia, where shivering becomes more intense, muscles become uncoordinated, and the victim may show signs of confusion or fatigue.
- Stage 3: Severe hypothermia, with a drop in body temperature below 30°C (86°F). This stage is life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.
Treatments for Extreme Cold Conditions
Windburn
- Avoid scratching the affected area to prevent further skin damage.
- Apply moisturizing creams to soothe the skin.
- Use protective lip balm for windburned lips.
Frostbite
- Mild frostbite (frostnip) can be treated with passive warming (moving to a warm room and using blankets) and active warming (applying warm, not hot, water to the affected area).
- Severe frostbite requires immediate medical attention. Do not rub the frostbite area, as it can cause more damage.
Hypothermia
- Stage 1 hypothermia: Seek shelter, warm up gradually, and drink warm, sweet liquids.
- Stage 2 and 3 hypothermia: Requires emergency medical care. While waiting for help, keep the person warm and prevent any further exposure to cold.
Prevention Tips
To minimize the risk of frostbite, hypothermia, and windburn, take these steps:
- Wear Appropriate Clothing: Layer up with synthetic or wool fabrics, which provide better insulation. Wear a wind-resistant outer layer and change into dry clothing immediately if you get wet.
- Protect Yourself from Wind and Sun: Use sunscreen, lip balm, and sunglasses, even on sunny winter days. Wear a face mask and goggles if engaging in winter activities.
- Keep Moving: To maintain body heat, keep your muscles active, particularly your hands and feet.
- Monitor Weather Alerts: Stay updated on weather warnings, including wind chill advisories, to avoid unnecessary exposure to extreme conditions.
- Find Shelter: In a snowstorm or extreme cold, seek shelter in a building, vehicle, or natural structure like a hollow tree or ditch.
- Winterize Your Home: Ensure your home is well insulated and your heating system functions correctly.
- Avoid Alcohol: Alcohol can lower your body’s ability to regulate temperature and increase your risk of hypothermia.
- Know Your Health Risks: If you have health conditions like heart disease or circulation problems, consult a healthcare provider about taking precautions in extreme cold.
As winter sets in, extreme cold can be life-threatening, but you can minimize its risks with proper preparation, protective measures, and awareness. Look out for yourself, your loved ones, and your neighbors to ensure everyone stays safe and healthy during these harsh conditions.
